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Porous foams based hydroxyapatite prepared by direct foaming method using egg white as a pore promoter

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Abstract

Stoichiometric hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO)6(OH)2, HAP) foams have been produced. The porous parts were prepared from a calcined HAP powder and egg white as a bio and non-toxic pore promoter. The colloidal slurry was prepared, poured into cylindrical molds, dried, unmolded, and sintered at 1200 °C. The effects of the concentration of the solid loading, of the dispersing agent, and the foaming agent on the ceramic preparation were examined. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to evaluate the composition and the structure of the sintered HAP ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for microstructural analysis. The XRD analysis of the porous parts, prepared under optimized conditions, showed the presence of crystallized HAP (JCPDS 9-432) as a single phase. SEM images showed existence of open and interconnected micro and macropores in the ceramics. The use of the egg white protein as pore former provides a total porosity of 86 vol% and a foam-structure that allows to a microporous wall.

The proposed foaming mechanism

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electrochemical and Biomaterials Team, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaib Doukkali, El Jadida, Morocco

    Hamza Khallok, Manal Ezzahmouly, Abdelaziz Elouahli, El Hassan Gourri, Mohamed Jamil & Zineb Hatim

  2. Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland

    Satu Ojala

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  1. Hamza Khallok
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  2. Satu Ojala
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  3. Manal Ezzahmouly
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  4. Abdelaziz Elouahli
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  5. El Hassan Gourri
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  6. Mohamed Jamil
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  7. Zineb Hatim
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Correspondence to Hamza Khallok.

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Highlights

• A highly porous hydroxyapatite ceramics have been produced using eggs white with described pore formation process.

• The foam stability, the effect of the concentration of solid loading and foaming agent, has been studied.

• The interconnected macropores have a spherical shape and the ceramic walls were markedly porous.

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Khallok, H., Ojala, S., Ezzahmouly, M. et al. Porous foams based hydroxyapatite prepared by direct foaming method using egg white as a pore promoter. J Aust Ceram Soc 55, 611–619 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-018-0269-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41779-018-0269-1

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